Observe
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What do you see and hear in the film?
What do you notice first?
What do you notice about the length of the film?
Does anything about the film seem strange or unusual?
What is the title?
Who made the film?
Where does the film take place?
When was the film made?
What is the evidence that this is how the battle really took place?
What do you see and hear in the film? I see soldiers in white shooting.Then soldiers in dark uniforms with an American flag appear. They seem to shoot at the soldiers in white and push them back. One soldier falls down. Someone else grabs the flag.
What do you notice first? The movie is in black and white.
What do you notice about the length of the film? It is less than one minute long.
Does anything about the film seem strange or unusual? It looks like the soldiers in the film are acting.
What is the title? Advance of Kansas Volunteers at Caloocan.
Who made the film? James White, Thomas Edison Inc.
Where does the film take place? Caloocan, Philippines.
When was the film made? 1899.
What is the evidence that this is how the battle really took place? Only that it does look like a battle in the jungle.
Reflect
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Who is the audience?
What is the purpose of the film?
What is happening during the time period?
What is the evidence that this is how the battle really took place? What do other sources say about the film? Can I verify who, what, where and when?
Who is the audience? The American Public.
What is the purpose of the film? To make Americans proud of what their soldiers are doing in the Philippines, to increase support for the war. The film is also to entertain people.
What is happening during the time period? The Spanish-American War. Americans were fighting in the Philippines against Spain and local fighters.
What is the evidence that this is how the battle really took place? What do other sources say about the film? Can I verify who, what, where and when? Other sources say that the Thomas Edison company made several films like this during the Spanish American War, so I can verify who made it and when. But my sources, like the Library of Congress, also say that Edison couldn’t get his cameras to work in the tropics, so he re-enacted the battles in New Jersey. This is not real footage of the battle, so I can’t use this as evidence of what happened.
Question
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Now is the time to ask more questions about the source. Click below to see how my questions compare to yours.
• Who asked Edison to make this film? • Where did people watch it? • What really happened in the battle?